American Journal of Medical Case Reports

Acute Heart failure (AHF), clinical signs of low cardiac output, therapy with positive inotropic drug for cardiac care is mandatory. Three classes of inotropic drugs are currently available, like β-adrenergic agonists (especially dobutamine), phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors (such as milrinone) and Ca²⁺ sensitizers (levosimendan). The mechanisms of action of these drugs, and important issues regarding their clinical indications and potential risks associated with their use are studied. Oral inotropes did not always improve mortality of the patients with heart failure (HF) partly because of possible direct toxic effects of these agents on myocytes, exacerbating arrhythmias, enhancing neurohormonal activity. Ca²⁺ sensitizers such as pimobendan and levosimendan were improve even mortality of the patients with HF through increasing cardiac contractility (CC) without a rise in (Ca²⁺)i. However, these agents disappoint our expectations. We need the development of the agents which has more specific effect of Ca²⁺ sensitizing.

American Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2014, 2(3), 57-74. DOI: 10.12691/ajmcr-2-3-5
Pub. Date: April 18, 2014

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Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Significance of the Skin Test

by Yavuz Yagar, Mehmet Ali Erkurt, Ilhami Berber, Ilknur Nizam, Mustafa Koroglu, Haci Bayram Berktas, Engin Burak Selcuk, Emin Kaya and Irfan Kuku

Case Report

Granulocytic sarcoma is generally associated to acute myeloblastic leukemia, either as its first clinical manifestation, tissue expression of the disease, or initial symptom of its recurrence. Less than 1 percent of patients will present with prominent extramedullary disease (i.e., myeloid sarcoma, also called granulocytic sarcoma, myeloblastoma, or chloroma). We report the case of a young patient suffering from granulocytic sarcoma of her right ankle which is symptom of its recurrence.

American Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2014, 2(3), 55-56. DOI: 10.12691/ajmcr-2-3-4
Pub. Date: April 18, 2014

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Supernumerary Nostril Associated with Dermoid Cyst: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature

by Sah BP, Bhandary S, Pokharel A, Shilpakar SL, Chettri ST and Paudel D

Case Report

Supernumerary nostril is an extremely rare congenital entity which results from aberrant embryological development. The review of the literature reveals that only 31 cases of supernumerary nostril have been reported. They can be associated with other congenital anomalies. The accessory nostril may or may not communicate with the ipsilateral nasal cavity, probably depending on the degree of embryological progression of the anomaly. A case of supernumerary left nostril with no nasal cavity communication and with dermoid cyst over the right nasomaxillary groove is presented. The surgical treatment is described and the different speculative theories related to the embryogenesis of supernumerary nostrils are also reviewed.

American Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2014, 2(3), 52-54. DOI: 10.12691/ajmcr-2-3-3
Pub. Date: April 14, 2014

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Sheehan’s Syndrome: A Case Report

by Mohammed Nasir Uddin, Mohammed Abbas Uddin Chy and Taslima Khan

Case Report

Sheehan’s syndrome is defined by varying degrees of anterior pituitary deficiency due to postpartumischemic necrosis of the pituitary gland after massive bleeding. Sheehan’s syndrome, though rare, is still one of the commonest causes of hypopituitarism in developing countries like ours. The clinical presentation is variable with abrupt or insidiously developing pituitary insufficiency after a heavy intra-partum or postpartum haemorrhage. We present an young lady with this syndrome who had slowly progressive panhypopituitarism 6 years after a severe haemorrhage associated with the delivery of a male baby.

American Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2014, 2(3), 50-51. DOI: 10.12691/ajmcr-2-3-2
Pub. Date: March 31, 2014

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Carcinoma Breast Male: A Case Report

by Sujit K Prasad and Anuj Kumar Srivastava

Case Report

Carcinoma of male breast is a rare cancer in male and accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers. Affected men are usually in their 7^th or 8^th decade. In a study in India 0.7% of breast carcinoma is seen in men. Predisposing factors include genetic factors, exposure to radiation and excess estrogen. High exposure to estrogen may result from excess estrogen conditions or due to androgen deficiency states.

American Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2014, 2(3), 48-49. DOI: 10.12691/ajmcr-2-3-1
Pub. Date: March 25, 2014

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