Percutaneous Closure of Post-infarction and Iatrogenic Ventricular Septal Ruptures Using Amplatzer Occluder®: A Systematic Review

Pramod Theetha Kariyanna¹, Ashkan Tadayoni², Amog Jayarangaiah³, Sudhanva Hegde², Apoorva Jayaranagaiah⁴ and Isabel M. McFarlane^2,

¹Division of Interventional Cardiology, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside/Beth Israel Hospitals, New York City, NY-10025, U.S.A.

²Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, U.S.A.

³Trinity School of Medicine, 925 Woodstock Road, Roswell, GA 30075, U.S.A.

⁴Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of medicine/ Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y., U.S.A.

Cite this paper

Pramod Theetha Kariyanna, Ashkan Tadayoni, Amog Jayarangaiah, Sudhanva Hegde, Apoorva Jayaranagaiah and Isabel M. McFarlane. Percutaneous Closure of Post-infarction and Iatrogenic Ventricular Septal Ruptures Using Amplatzer Occluder®: A Systematic Review. American Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2021; 9(3):184-189. doi: 10.12691/AJMCR-9-3-13

Abstract

Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare complication of myocardial infarction (MI), open heart surgery, and cardiac-based procedures, such as septal myectomy and valve replacement. VSR is associated with high mortality rates and the reported 30-day survival rate is less than 10% without any interventional therapy. Hence, prompt diagnosis and aggressive medical treatment with appropriate surgical intervention are necessary to improve survival. Immediate surgical intervention which is the standard treatment of VSR has a mortality rate of 19-60%. Due to persistent high mortality rate and challenging management of VSR, alternatives to surgical repair has been proposed; transcatheter approach as a new alternative method has been used for the closure of post-surgery residual defects or as a bridge to surgery and in some cases as a definitive therapy instead of surgical repair. Amplatzer Occluder® (AO), a type of transcatheter closure devices, is an approved method of repairing congenital atrial septal defects and it is being used as an alternative method of treatment in VSR. In this systemic review, we assessed the cases of VSR who underwent septal repair by using AO. The study shows that the total mortality rate of percutaneous VSR repair with AO is 20% which is comparable to 19-60% rate of death in patients who undergo surgery. While early intervention is necessary to prevent biventricular dysfunction, immediate surgical intervention on soft and friable tissue surrounding the infarction increases the risk of residual shunt and reoperation. However, this study reveals that the mortality rate of primary percutaneous VSR closure within 7 days of VSR detection was 37 % which is significantly lower than 60% in surgical repair in the same period. In conclusion, given that the prevalence of residual leak in both interventions are similar and close to 20%, percutaneous VSR closure with AO device could be superior to the surgical repair as a primary intervention in unstable or high-risk surgical patients.

Keywords

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]	Aroney CN, Goh TH, Hourigan LA, Dyer W. Ventricular septal rupture following nonsurgical septal reduction for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: treatment with percutaneous closure. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions. 2004; 61(3): 411-4.
[2]	Waciński P, Bilodeau L, Ibrahim R. Successful early percutaneous closure of acute ventricular septal rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction with Amplatzer ventricular septal occluder. Cardiology journal. 2007; 14(4): 411-4.
[3]	Martinez MW, Mookadam F, Sun Y, Hagler DJ. Transcatheter closure of ischemic and post-traumatic ventricular septal ruptures. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 2007; 69(3): 403-7.
[4]	Birnbaum Y, Fishbein MC, Blanche C, Siegel RJ. Ventricular septal rupture after acute myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine. 2002; 347(18): 1426-32.
[5]	Takahashi H, Arif R, Almashhoor A, Ruhparwar A, Karck M, Kallenbach K. Long-term results after surgical treatment of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2015; 47(4): 720-4.
[6]	Moreyra AE, Huang MS, Wilson AC, Deng Y, Cosgrove NM, Kostis JB, et al. Trends in incidence and mortality rates of ventricular septal rupture during acute myocardial infarction. The American journal of cardiology. 2010; 106(8): 1095-100.
[7]	Maltais S, Ibrahim R, Basmadjian A-J, Carrier M, Bouchard D, Cartier R, et al. Postinfarction ventricular septal defects: towards a new treatment algorithm? The Annals of thoracic surgery. 2009; 87(3): 687-92.
[8]	Shahreyar M, Akinseye O, Nayyar M, Ashraf U, Ibebuogu UN. Post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect: A comprehensive review. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine. 2018.
[9]	Kariyanna PT, Tadayoni A, Jayarangaiah A, Hegde S, Jayaranagaiah A, Salifu MO, et al. Employing Amplatzer Occluder® in Cardiac Free Wall Rupture Repair: A Scoping Study. Am J Med Case Rep. 2020; 8(9): 257-61.
[10]	Madhkour R, Wahl A, Praz F, Meier B. Amplatzer patent foramen ovale occluder: safety and efficacy. Expert Review of Medical Devices. 2019; 16(3): 173-82.
[11]	Roth CP, Qarmali M, Litovsky SH, Brott BC. Myocardial rupture after small acute myocardial infarction in the absence of coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular Pathology. 2018; 37: 26-9.
[12]	Dar T, Yarlagadda B, Gunasekaran P, Lakkireddy D, Wiley MA. Successful Percutaneous Closure of Traumatic Right Ventricular Free Wall Rupture Using Amplatzer Vascular Plug Devices. J Atr Fibrillation. 2018; 11(2): 2095.
[13]	Martinez MW, Mookadam F, Sun Y, Hagler DJ. Transcatheter closure of ischemic and post-traumatic ventricular septal ruptures. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions: official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 2007; 69(3): 403-7.
[14]	Aggarwal M, Natarajan K, Vijayakumar M, Chandrasekhar R, Mathew N, Vijan V, et al. Primary transcatheter closure of post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture using amplatzer atrial septal occlusion device: a study from tertiary care in South India. Indian Heart J. 2018; 70(4): 519-27.
[15]	Amorosi NM, White A. Case of ventricular septal rupture following acute myocardial infarction. Ultrasound. 2020; 28(3): 196-201.
[16]	Mubarik A, Iqbal AM. Ventricular Septal Rupture. 2018.
[17]	Arnaoutakis GJ, Zhao Y, George TJ, Sciortino CM, McCarthy PM, Conte JV. Surgical repair of ventricular septal defect after myocardial infarction: outcomes from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Database. Ann Thorac Surg. 2012; 94(2): 436-43; discussion 43-4.
[18]	Giombolini C, Notaristefano S, Santucci S, Fortunati F, Savino K, Notaristefano F, et al. Transcatheter closure of postinfarction ventricular septal defect using the Amplatzer atrial septal defect occluder. Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md). 2008; 9(9): 941-5.
[19]	Ahmed J, Ruygrok PN, Wilson NJ, Webster MW, Greaves S, Gerber I. Percutaneous closure of post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal defects: a single centre experience. Heart, lung & circulation. 2008; 17(2): 119-23.
[20]	Mullasari AS, Umesan CV, Krishnan U, Srinivasan S, Ravikumar M, Raghuraman H. Transcatheter closure of post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect with Amplatzer septal occluder. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions: official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 2001; 54(4): 484-7.
[21]	Szkutnik M, Kusa J, Bialkowski J. The use of two Amplatzer "Cribriform" Septal Occluders to close multiple postinfarction ventricular septal defects. Tex Heart Inst J. 2008; 35(3): 362-4.
[22]	Lee EM, Roberts DH, Walsh KP. Transcatheter closure of a residual postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect with the Amplatzer septal occluder. Heart. 1998; 80(5): 522.
[23]	Shabestari MM, Ghaderi F, Hamedanchi A. Transcatheter Closure of Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Defect: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2015; 7(2): 75-7.
[24]	Viana-Tejedor A, Moreno R, Moreno M. Transcatheter closure of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture with the Amplatzer occluder. J Invasive Cardiol. 2008; 20(3): E79-E81.
[25]	Wang X, Nie F, Ye N, Liu X, Yang S, Guo F, et al. Successful occlusion of ventricular septal rupture in myocardial infarction under the guidance of echocardiography. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2019; 14(1): 133.
[26]	Ishiyama M, Kurita T, Ishiura J, Yamamoto N, Sugiura E, Ito H, et al. Successful percutaneous treatment of recurrent post-infarction ventricular septal rupture using an Amplatzer duct occluder. Journal of Cardiology Cases. 2020; 21(1): 12-5.